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Archive-name: macintosh/hardware-faq
Version: 2.4.0
Last-modified: September 14, 1995
URL: http://www.macfaq.com/hardwarefaq.html
Frequently Asked Questions about Macintosh Hardware
===================================================
comp.sys.mac.faq, part six:
comp.sys.mac.hardware
Copyright 1993,1994,1995 by Elliotte Harold
Please see section 5.8 of the general FAQ if you wish to
redistribute, revise or republish this document in any way.
Archive-name: macintosh/hardware-faq
Version: 2.4.0
Last-modified: September 14, 1995
What's new in version 2.4.0:
----------------------------
Primarily this is a maintenance release to reflect several new
Mac models and better formatting of the URL's.
I've also made various improvements to the sections on removable
media, CD-ROMs, VRAM and monitors.
Table of Contents
==================================================================
I. Maintenance
1. How do I clean a keyboard?
2. How do I clean a screen?
3. How do I clean a mouse?
4. How do I clean a floppy drive?
5. How do I clean the inside of my mac?
II. Problems And Repairs
1. How do I open a compact Mac?
2. Now that I've opened my Mac how might I electrocute myself?
3. Where can I get my Mac fixed?
4. Can you recommend any good books about Mac repair?
5. The screen on my compact Mac is jittering.
III. Upgrades
1. What Macs are upgradeable to the PowerPC?
2. Can I increase the speed of my Mac by accelerating the clock?
3. Can I add an FPU to my Mac?
4. Can I replace the 68LC040 with a 68040?
IV. Thanks for the Memory
1. What kind of memory should I use in my Mac?
2. Can I use PC SIMM's in my Mac?
3. What vendors have good prices on memory?
4. Do SIMMdoublers work?
V. Video
1. What's VRAM?
2. All monitors are not created equal.
3. There's a horizontal line across my monitor.
4. Can I use a VGA monitor with my Mac?
5. How can I switch monitor resolutions on the fly?
VI. Floppy Disks
1. What kind of floppy disks do I need for my Mac?
2. Why can't my Quadra (SE/30, llci, etc.) read the disks from my Plus?
3. Does punching a hole in a double-density disk make a high-density disk?
VII. SCSI Troubles
1. How do I put my old internal hard disk in an external case?
2. What's the cheapest/fastest/most reliable/most common removable drive?
3. What's the best CD-ROM drive?
VIII. Printers
1. What's a good printer?
IX. Miscellaneous hardware FAQ's
1. What power adaptor do I need to use my Mac in another country?
2. How can I fix the sound on my IIsi?
A. Models
RETRIEVING THE ENTIRE FAQ
=========================
This is the SIXTH part of this FAQ. The first part is also
posted to this newsgroup under the subject heading "Introductory
Macintosh frequently asked questions (FAQ)" and includes a complete
table of contents for the entire document as well as information
on where to post, ftp, file decompression, trouble-shooting, and
preventive maintenance. The second, third, fourth, and fifth
parts are posted every two weeks in comp.sys.mac.system,
comp.sys.mac.misc, comp.sys.mac.apps, and comp.sys.mac.wanted
respectively and include many questions that often erroneously appear
in comp.sys.mac.misc. All pieces are available for anonymous ftp from
==================
MAINTENANCE (1.0)
==================
First a word about tools: many basic household items will serve you
well when taking care of a Mac but not all. Under no circumstances
should you use a Dustbuster or other common handvac to clean
electronic equipment. Instead you need a specially designed vacuum
cleaner with a conducting, grounded nozzle. These normally cost
about $40 in electronics supply stores. Most paper towels are
adequate for cleaning computer equipment. However Scott brand towels
do have lower rag content than any other commonly available towel and
are less likely to leave paper fibers behind on your equipment.
HOW DO I CLEAN A KEYBOARD? (1.1)
---------------------------------
For basic cleaning a little isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol on a Scott
towel works well. Common household cleaners like Formula 409 also do
a nice job. To perform a more thorough cleaning you'll need to take
the keyboard apart. Depending on the type of keyboard you'll need
one or more of a Phillips head screwdriver, a Torx T-15 screwdriver,
and a special tool almost impossible to find when you really really
need it which goes by the technical name of "key puller."
Disassemble the keyboard, pull off all the keys, and use a can of
compressed air or an electronics vac to clean out all the dust
bunnies that have mated and grown and had children and mated again
and built apartment complexes and shopping malls inside your
keyboard. (I don't know why, but keyboards attract far more detritus
than any other computer component.) Finally if you spilled Mountain
Dew, coffee or some other liquid substance into the keyboard, clean
it with lukewarm water and a soft towel. Use isopropyl alcohol on
any remaining sticky spots.
HOW DO I CLEAN A SCREEN? (1.2)
-------------------------------
First turn off the monitor. Spray a small amount of Windex or any
other common glass cleaner onto a paper towel, NOT directly onto
the screen. Then wipe the paper towel over the screen. Finally
wipe the screen clean with a dry paper towel.
HOW DO I CLEAN A MOUSE? (1.3)
------------------------------
Poor mouse tracking is normally a sign of dirty contacts. To clean
them get a cassette tape head cleaning solution from any audio store.
Turn off the Mac. Then unplug the mouse. The bottom plate of the
mouse that holds the ball in place can be removed by pushing down and
twisting (like a child-proof medicine cap). The ball will probably
fall out when the plate is removed so be ready to catch it. There's
nothing quite so annoying as having to crawl around on the floor
looking under the furniture for a mouse ball. Dip a cotton swab in
the solution. Then rub it on the three ball contacts until they
appear clean to the eye. Finally clean the ball itself with soap
and water and dry it with a paper towel. At this point it wouldn't
hurt to replace your mouse pad to. A grungy mouse pad will make
even a clean mouse ball dirty in no time. I often use a heavy
bond paper taped to my desk rather than a mouse pad because it's so
easy and cheap to replace.
HOW DO I CLEAN A FLOPPY DRIVE? (1.4)
-------------------------------------
Normally you don't need to. Several companies sell floppy drive
cleaning kits that consist of nothing more than a disk and some
cleaning fluid for anywhere from five to twenty-five dollars.
These are almost as pointless as the CD cleaning kits sold to
overenthusiastic CD owners. I'd only use one of these if I was
already experiencing problems that were identifiably linked to the
floppy drive rather than individual disks. Cleaning a floppy drive
should not be part of normal maintenance. When you do need to clean
a floppy drive, Apple recommends the 3M floppy drive cleaning kit.
If you have a vacuum cleaner designed for electronic equipment, you
can always run it across the floppy slit, but even that is rarely
necessary. Or you can disassemble the Mac and use a can of
compressed air to blow the dust out of the floppy drive. Don't do
this without disassembling the Mac first though since otherwise
you'll just blow dust deeper inside your computer. And even when the
Mac is taken apart, be careful to blow the air AWAY from the motor.
If you blow air into the drive motor, you'll forcing dust into it and
make the drive more likely to fail.
HOW DO I CLEAN THE INSIDE OF MY MAC? (1.5)
-------------------------------------------
I don't advise taking a Mac apart just to clean it; but if you've
already dismantled it as part of another upgrade or repair, blowing
accumulated dust away with a can of compressed air won't hurt. You
can also use a specially designed computer vacuum cleaner, but don't
use a normal hand vac like a Dustbuster as there's a small chance of
damage to your Mac from the static electricity it builds up.
On the other hand if during one of those late night football games
through the halls of your office someone drop-kicked a half-full can
of Mountain Dew straight through the uprights of your cubicle onto
your Mac (or if you've spilled a soda or some other messy substance
into the Mac in some less creative fashion), you will need to clean
it out. Unplug the Mac and let it sit for at least an hour. It is
essential to give all the parts of your Mac time to discharge since
you'll be cleaning it with water. Take the Mac apart as described in
the next section. Then clean it with lukewarm tap water. Use a soft
toothbrush to clean anything that doesn't come off with water alone.
Let the disassembled Mac air dry for a couple of days, (Don't even
think about using a hair dryer.) and then put it back together.
===========================
PROBLEMS AND REPAIRS (2.0)
===========================
HOW DO I OPEN A COMPACT MAC? (2.1)
-----------------------------------
You need a Torx T-15 screwdriver, at least eight inches long,
available from any decent electronics supply shop, and a special tool
referred to as a "Mac Cracker." (In a pinch you can use a spring
loaded paper clip or even a three-sided ruler.) Before starting
clear off a large, flat work area and get an ash tray, glass, or
other container to hold the various small screws you need to remove.
First disconnect all cables, most especially the power cable. For
maximum safety you should only work on your Mac after it's been
turned off for an hour so that various high-voltage capacitors have
had time to fully discharge. remove the programmer's switch if one
is installed. Then lay the Mac face down on a soft towel in your
work space. If you're working on a Plus or earlier Mac remove the
battery cover and battery. Then unscrew all the screws with the T-15
screwdriver. There are four of them on SE's and Classics, two hidden
inside the handle and two above the ports on the bottom of the Mac.
The Plus and earlier Macs have five screws including one under the
battery cover. After the screws are removed, wedge the cracking tool
into the seam and pry the two pieces of the case apart. Then
carefully lift the back cover off and place it down in your work
space. Finally inside you'll find a metallic RF shield covering the
ports which can easily be removed.
NOW THAT I'VE OPENED MY MAC HOW MIGHT I ELECTROCUTE MYSELF? (2.2)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Like most computers a Macintosh contains lots of exciting high voltage
equipment that can deliver shocks ranging from mildly surprising to
motherboard-frying to lethal. Since compact Macs cram the high
voltage picture tube and power supply into the same cramped space
shared with the motherboard, they're particularly dangerous. If
you're intent on committing computer-assisted suicide, here are a few
simple procedures that will greatly enhance your chance of success:
* Be sure the computer and all cables are plugged in when you
work on it. It's difficult (though not impossible) to get a good,
solid shock without at least 120 volts of AC surging through the
works.
* Wear lots of metal jewelry. Long, dangling gold bracelets make
the most effective unexpected electrical contact between the picture
tube and your heart.
* Naturally you yourself want to be nice and clean before working
on your Mac so take a long shower. Don't bother to dry off though.
The heat from your Mac should dry you just fine.
* Pay special attention to the picture tube and flyback
transformer. Fondle them. Know them. Love them. If you're still
conscious take apart the power supply. (That's the silver box with
the big red warning letters on it.)
* Invite all your pets and small children to watch you work.
However there's no reason to invite an adult who might have the
presence of mind to call 911 should you be injured.
WHERE CAN I GET MY MAC FIXED? (2.3)
------------------------------------
If it's been less than a year since you bought the Mac, then by all
means bring it to a local Apple authorized dealer to get it fixed
under warranty for free. Not all dealers are created equal, and you
don't have to get your Mac repaired by the same dealer you bought it
from. Ask around locally to find out which one has the best
reputation for fast, dependable, hassle-free service.
After the warranty has expired an Apple dealer is generally not the
best (and certainly not the cheapest) place to have your Mac fixed.
A typical Apple authorized repair consists of swapping out the entire
malfunctioning subsystem. It's not at all uncommon for Apple dealers
to repair small problems by motherboard swaps that cost almost as
much or even more than a new Mac. For out of warranty repairs your
best bet is an unauthorized repair shop that specializes in component
level repairs. Be sure to find one that specializes in Macintosh
repairs, not a PC shop that does Macs on the side. Again seek advice
from local bulletin boards and user groups. In the New York City
area I unconditionally recommend TekServe, (212) 929-3645.
If there are no reliable local repair shops, a number of mail-order
repair shops advertise in the back pages of MacUser and MacWorld.
Personally I find it horribly inconvenient to package and ship a Mac
just to get a flyback transformer replaced, but most of these shops
do offer reliable repairs at very competitive prices and many people
on the net swear by one or another.
CAN YOU RECOMMEND ANY GOOD BOOKS ABOUT MAC REPAIR? (2.4)
---------------------------------------------------------
Larry Pina has written several excellent guides to repairing Macs.
Mac Classic & SE Repair and Upgrade Secrets (Peachpit Press, $28,
ISBN #1-56609-022-9) covers the SE, SE/30, Classic, and Classic II.
This volume offers moderately detailed instructions for someone with
prior electronics experience to diagnose common problems, do
component level repairs and perform upgrades on compact Macs.
Macintosh Repair and Upgrade Secrets (Hayden Books $24.95, ISBN
#0-672-48452-8) is an earlier version of this book which covers
compact Macs from the 128K to the SE and the Lisa. Pina's sequel,
Macintosh II Repair and Upgrade secrets, $39.95, ISBN #0-13-929530-5,
offers similar coverage of the Mac II family of Machines. All these
books include valuable diagnostic software on a bundled disk. Before
delving into this volume you should be comfortable wielding a
soldering iron on expensive equipment. Finally he's also written the
somewhat less technical and more detailed Dead Mac Scrolls (PeachPit
Press, ISBN #0-940235-25-0, $32) which offers symptom-based
procedures for diagnosing and repairing many common problems. This
book includes good advice about how to find and deal with a repair
shop. All four books deserve a place in the library of anyone who
intends to wield a soldering iron on their Mac.
THE SCREEN ON MY COMPACT MAC IS JITTERING. (2.5)
-------------------------------------------------
Nine times out of ten this is a symptom of a failing flyback
transformer. It may be accompanied by high-pitched whines and even
the smell of burnt ozone. This is a warning that the demise of the
Mac is imminent! Turn it off and don't use it again till the video
is fixed. If the flyback transformer is in this bad a shape, chances
are that other components either already have failed or soon will.
However many expensive parts of the video subsystem are probably
working just fine so this is one common problem that can often be
fixed much more cheaply by a component-level repair shop than by an
authorized dealer who'll likely swap out the entire video board.
===============
UPGRADES (3.0)
===============
WHAT MACS ARE UPGRADEABLE TO THE POWERPC? (3.1)
------------------------------------------------
Apple will provide logic board replacements for all Centris, Quadra
and WorkGroup Server models except the Quadra 700, 900 and 950.
There should also be logic board replacements for the IIvx, IIvi, LC
475, 520, 550, and 575, Performa 475, 476, 550, and 600. Upgraded AV
Macs will lose their special video capabilities, at least initially.
Apple will also make available PowerPC processor upgrade boards that
fit into the PDS slots of the Quadra 605, 610, 650, 700, 800, 900,
and 950 as well as the Centris 610 and 650 and the Performa 475 and
476. Macs upgraded via a PDS card run at twice the speed of the
system clock. Thus a 25 MHz 68040 Mac with a PDS accelerator will
become a 50 MHz PowerMac. You'll be able to disable the accelerator
if you have old software that's not PowerPC compatible or that just
plain runs faster on the older hardware. 68030 desktop Macs with
expansion slots will be upgradeable via third party accelerator
cards. Daughtercard upgrades for the Powerbook 500 and Duo 280
series will be available sometime late this summer or early fall.
CAN I INCREASE THE SPEED OF MY MAC BY ACCELERATING THE CLOCK? (3.2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Apple engineers designed the Mac IIsi to run at 25 megahertz. Apple
marketeers made them reduce the speed by 20% so as not to hurt sales
of the IIci. Thus with various caveats it is generally safe to
accelerate a IIsi to 25 MHz by changing the clock chip. All other
Mac models were designed to run at the speeds they normally run at so
"clock-chipping" them is a much iffier proposition. Compact Macs,
PowerBooks and the Mac II, IIx and IIcx as well as the LC and LC II
use the same oscillator to time various external circuitry as they
use to time the CPU so they almost never work if the clock chip is
replaced. Most other Macs seem to work for at least a while when
sped up by as much as twenty percent. Somewhere beyond a twenty
percent increase in clock speed most Macs experience serial port
problems though the exact level of safe increase varies from Mac to
Mac even within the same model and configuration. Other problems may
surface over time as the extra heat generated by the faster speed
increases the wear and tear on the insides of the Mac.
Performing this upgrade is not for the faint of heart. It is quite
complex and requires soldering, replacement of several parts, and
other non-trivial procedures. If done improperly it can result in
major, expensive damage to your Mac. I am not going to give detailed
instructions for doing this here. If you do want to do this
yourself, check out
For people who are willing to open their Mac and swap out RAM or a
hard drive but don't feel comfortable soldering on their motherboard,
KS Labs, (614) 373-0353, offers $165 kits that more safely (no
soldering) accelerate the clock. These kits include a clip-on
oscillator plus a heat sink and fan to keep the faster circuitry
cool.
CAN I ADD AN FPU TO MY MAC? CAN I REPLACE THE 68LC040 WITH A 68040? (3.3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
All 68020 and 68030 desktop Macs that did not ship with an FPU standard
(i.e. the IIsi and LC series) have special slots that can accommodate
an FPU card. All Macs that have the FPUless 680LC40 CPU run just
fine if that chip is replaced with a full 68040 that includes an FPU.
All PowerPC Macs include an integrated FPU. There is no way to add
only an FPU to a 68000 Mac like an SE though some third party
accelerators do include FPU's as well as faster CPU's.
============================
THANKS FOR THE MEMORY (4.0)
============================
WHAT KIND OF MEMORY SHOULD I USE IN MY MAC? (4.1)
--------------------------------------------------
The easiest way to get this question answered is to ask your friendly,
mail-order memory dealer. If you tell them what model of Mac you
have, what memory you already have in your Mac, and how much you want
to add, they should be able to tell you exactly what you need.
Memory comes in many configurations. All desktop Macs from the Plus
through the Quadra 700, 900, and 950 use 30-pin SIMMs that normally
need to be added four at a time (except in the SE, the Plus and the
Classics where they're added two at a time and in the IIfx which uses
special 64-pin SIMMs that still need to be added four at a time).
Later Quadras, the LC III, and the Centris's use 72-pin SIMMs that
can be added one SIMM at a time. NuBus based PowerMacs also use
72-pin SIMMs but need them installed in pairs. All portable Macs
(PowerBooks, Duos, and the Portable) have one RAM slot to hold a special
card with extra RAM. Finally the PCI bus based PowerMacs use 110-pin
DIMM's (dual inline memory modules) that can be installed singly but
should be installed in pairs for maximum performance.
The chart below gives details for each model of Mac. For each model
it lists how much RAM is soldered to the motherboard, how many slots
are available to hold more RAM, what size memory is available for
those slots, different possible RAM configurations, what type of
memory is used (30-pin SIMM, 72-pin SIMM, or card type,) the minimum
speed of the RAM you should use in that model, and how many SIMMs or
cards need to be replaced or added at the same time.
Available Physical RAM Minimum Upgrade
CPU Onboard Slots Sizes Configs (MB) Pins Speed in
__________ _______ _____ _________ _____________ ____ _____ _____
Plus 0 4 256K,1M 1,2.5,4 30 150ns 2
SE 0 4 256K,1M 1,2,2.5,4 30 150ns 2
SE/30 0 8 256K,1M 1,2,4,5,8,16 30 120ns 4
4M,16M 17,20,32,64
65,68,80,128
Classic 1 3 256K,1M 1,2,2.5,4 30 120ns 2
Classic II 2 2 1M,2M,4M 2,4,6,10 30 120ns 2
Color Classic 4 2 1M,2M,4M 4,6,8,10 30 120ns 2
Mac II 0 8 256K,1M 1,2,4,5,8,17 30 120ns 4
4M,8M,16M 20,33,36,65,68
Mac IIx 0 8 256K,1M 1,2,4,5,8,16,17 30 120ns 4
4M,8M,16M 20,32,33,36,64
65,68,80,96,128
Mac IIcx 0 8 256K,1M 1,2,4,5,8,16,17 30 120ns 4
4M,8M,16M 20,32,33,36,64
65,68,80,96,128
Mac IIci 0 8 256K,512K 1,2,3,4,5,6,8 30 80ns 4
1M,4M,8M 16,17,18,20,32
16M 33,34,36,64,65
66,68,80,96,128
Mac IIsi 1 4 256K,512K 1,2,3,5,17,33 30 80ns 4
1M,4M,8M 65
16M
Mac IIvi 4 4 256K,512K 4,5,6,8,20,36 30 80ns 4
1M,4M,8M 36,68
16M
Mac IIvx 4 4 256K,512K 4,5,6,8,20,36 30 80ns 4
(Performa 600) 1M,4M,8M 36,68
16M
Mac IIfx 0 8 1M,4M,16M 4,8,16,20,32 64 80ns 4
64,68,80,128
LC 2 2 1M,2M,4M 2,4,6,8,10 30 120ns 2
LC II 4 2 1M,2M,4M 4,6,8,10 30 120ns 2
LC III 4 1 1M,2M,4M 4,5,6,8,12,20 72 80ns 1
8M,16M,32M 36
LC 520 4 1 1M,2M,4M 4,5,6,8,12,20 72 80ns 1
8M,16M,32M 36
LC 550 4 1 1M,2M,4M 4,5,6,8,12,20 72 80ns 1
8M,16M,32M 36
LC 575 4 1 1M,2M,4M 4,5,6,8,12,20 72 80ns 1
8M,16M,32M 36
LC 5200 4 2 4M,8M,16M 8,12,16,24,40 72 80ns 1
32M 64
Centris 610 4 2 4M,8M,16M 4,8,12,16,20,24 72 80ns 1
32M 28,36,52,68
Centris 650 8 4 4M,8M,16M 8,12,16,20,24 72 80ns 1
32M 32,40,68,72,132
Centris 660av 4 2 4M,8M,16M 4,8,12,16,20,24 72 70ns 1
32M 28,36,52,68
Quadra 605 4 1 4M,8M,16M 4,8,12,20,36 72 80ns 1
32M
Quadra 610 4 2 4M,8M,16M 4,8,12,16,20,24 72 80ns 1
32M 28,36,52,68
Quadra 630 4 1 4M,8M,16M 4,8,12,20,36 72 80ns 1
32M
Quadra 650 8 4 4M,8M,16M 8,12,16,20,24 72 80ns 1
32M 32,40,68,72,132
Quadra 660av 4 2 4M,8M,16M 4,8,12,16,20,24 72 70ns 1
32M 28,36,52,68
Quadra 700 4 4 1M,4M,16M 4,8,20,68 30 80ns 4
Quadra 800 8 4 4M,8M,16M 8,12,16,20,24 72 60ns 1
32M 28,32,36,40,44
48,52,56,60,64
68,72,80,84,88
104,108,112,120,132
Quadra 840av 0 4 4M,8M,16M 8,12,16,20,24 72 60ns 1
32M 28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56
60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88
96,100,104,112,128
Quadra 900 0 16 1M,4M,16M 4,8,12,16,20 30 80ns 4
24,28,32,36,40,48,52,64
64,68,72,76,80,84,88,96
100,112,128,132,136,144
148,160,192,196,208,256
Quadra 950 0 16 1M,4M,16M 4,8,12,16,20 30 80ns 4
24,28,32,36,40,48,52,64
64,68,72,76,80,84,88,96
100,112,128,132,136,144
148,160,192,196,208,256
PowerMac 6100 8 2 4M,8M,16M 8,16,24,40,68 72 80ns 2
32M
PowerMac 7100 8 4 4M,8M,16M 8,16,24,32,40 72 80ns 2
32M 48,56,72,80,88
104,132
PowerMac 7200 0 4 8M,16M,32M 8,16,24,32,40, 110 80ns 1
64M 48,56,64,72,80,
88,96,104,112,
120,128,136,144,152,160,168,
176,192,200,208,224,256
PowerMac 7500 0 8 8M,16M,32M 8,16,24,32,40, 110 80ns 1
64M 48,56,64,72,80,
88,96,104,112,120,
128,136,144,152,160,168,176,184,192,
200,208,216,224,232,240,248,256,264,
272,280,288,296,304,312,320,328,336,
344,352,360,368,376,384,392,400,408,
416,424,432,448,456,464,480,512
PowerMac 8100 8 8 4M,8M,16M 8,16,24,32,40 72 80ns 2
32M 48,56,64,72,80,
88,96,104,112,120,
128,136,144,152,
160,168,176,184,
208,216,232,264
PowerMac 8500 0 8 8M,16M,32M 8,16,24,32,40, 110 80ns 1
64M 48,56,64,72,80,
88,96,104,112,120,
128,136,144,152,160,168,176,184,192,
200,208,216,224,232,240,248,256,264,
272,280,288,296,304,312,320,328,336,
344,352,360,368,376,384,392,400,408,
416,424,432,448,456,464,480,512
PowerMac 9500 0 12 8M,16M,32M 8,16,24,32,40, 110 80ns 1
64M 48,56,64,72,80,
88,96,104,112,
120,128,136,144,152,160,168,176,
184,192,200,208,216,224,232,240,
248,256,264,272,280,288,296,304,
312,320,328,336,344,352,360,368,
376,384,392,400,408,416,424,432,
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