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Archive-name: tex-faq
Comp.text.tex is a forum for the discussion of TeX, LaTeX and other
related things. TeX is a software system written by Donald Knuth to
typeset text, especially text containing mathematics. LaTeX is a set
of macros written in TeX, designed to simplify the the typesetting of
a document by allowing the user to concentrate on the content and
structure of the document rather than the exact appearance of the
finished product. METAFONT, also discussed here, is a program which
allows the user to design their own fonts. The definitive reference
for TeX is _The TeXbook_, by Donald Knuth (Addison Wesley, 1984, ISBN
0-201-13447-0, paperback 0-201-13448-9). For LaTeX, see _LaTeX, a
Document Preparation System_ by Leslie Lamport (Addison Wesley, 1986,
ISBN 0-201-15790-X); the second edition of this book covers LaTeX2e.
Full documentation for LaTeX2e can be found in _The LaTeX Companion_
by Michael Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin (Addison
Wesley, 1994, ISBN 0-201-54199-8). For METAFONT, see _The
METAFONTbook_ by Donald Knuth (Addison Wesley, 1984, ISBN
0-201-13445-4). The American Mathematical Society has two macro
packages which are also popular, called AMS-TeX and AMS-LaTeX.
This article contains answers to some frequently asked questions on
comp.text.tex. Please don't ask these questions again, as they've been
answered many times before.
Malencontreusement, je n'ai ni le temps ni la comp\'etence pour
traduire cet article en fran\c{c}ais. Je prie donc, le lecteur
interess\'e par fr.comp.text.tex d'avoir l'indulgence d'accepter la
version anglaise.
This is version 1.53 for February, last changed 2/8/96.
This article includes answers to:
1) How can I get a copy of this article?
2) Where can I get a DVI to PostScript conversion program?
3) How can I include a PostScript figure in LaTeX?
4) Where can I find a DVI previewer for machine Y running Q?
5) Where can I get the manual for PiCTeX?
6) In LaTeX, I put some definitions in my document, but I get the error
``Use of \@ doesn't match its definition'' or ``You can't use
\spacefactor in vertical (or math) mode.'' What's wrong?
7) What is OzTeX and where can I get it (TeX for the Mac)?
8) What is Fig and where can I get it?
9) How do I get WEB for C, FORTRAN, or some other language?
10) How can I typeset music in TeX?
11) What is TUG and TUGboat?
12) How do I convert Adobe's afm files to tfm format?
13) In LaTeX, how do I get a double-spaced document?
14) In LaTeX, how do I include a file in the verbatim environment?
15) In LaTeX, how do I do Y?
16) Where can I find a TeX macro or LaTeX style file for doing Y?
17) How do I generate an index in TeX/LaTeX?
18) How do I get METAFONT to do what I want it to do?
19) Where do I get TeX/LaTeX for machine Y running Q?
20) Where can I get a thesis style for LaTeX?
21) How do I get symbols for ``the real numbers'', ``the complex numbers'',
and so on?
22) What repositories of TeX material are available, and how can I
access them?
23) How do I use PostScript fonts with LaTeX?
24) How can I convert from format Y to TeX or LaTeX, and vice-versa?
25) How do I get a file into the major style repositories?
26) Where can I get font Y?
27) Where can I get a dvi driver for the HP LaserJet?
28) TeX and LaTeX are hyphenating words weirdly. What can I do?
29) How can I convert a TeX or LaTeX file into a plain ASCII file,
with all the formatting intact, a la nroff?
30) How do I enlarge TeX? I keep getting ``memory capacity exceeded''
errors.
31) In LaTeX, I used \pagestyle{empty}, but the first page is still
numbered. What do I do?
32) Where do I find documentation about BibTeX?
33) How do I use BibTeX with plain TeX?
34) How do I draw Feynman diagrams in LaTeX?
35) What is the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS)?
36) In LaTeX, my cross-references for floats (figures and tables) are
incorrect. What's wrong?
37) I want to change the margins in LaTeX. What can I do?
38) How do I find the width of a letter, word, or phrase in TeX?
39) In LaTeX, is there a comment or ``ignore'' environment with which
I can exclude blocks of text from the .dvi file?
40) Where can I find a spelling checker for my TeX file?
41) What is LaTeX2e?
42) In LaTeX, how can I define a new log-like function?
43) In LaTeX, how do I put a \sqrt in my \caption statement?
44) In LaTeX, how do I get thin and thick \hlines in a table?
45) In LaTeX, how do I number the bibliography using Arabic numbers without
square brackets or using superscripts?
46) In LaTeX, why are my cites all numbered zero?
47) In LaTeX, my figures get put on a page by themselves with too much
whitespace, but when I tried \begin{figure}[t] they get printed at
the end. Why?
48) In LaTeX, how do I make a line break in a section title?
49) In LaTeX, how do I number equations by section?
50) What is the fontinst package?
If you are looking, for instance, for the answer to question 17, and wish
to skip everything else, you can search ahead for the regular expression
``^17)''.
These are all legitimate questions, but they seem to appear too
frequently for long-time readers of the list.
Many of the answers below tell you that you can obtain something
through anonymous ftp. ``Ftp'' stands for file transfer protocol, and
is also the name of a program implementing the protocol. The program
allows users to transfer files to and from remote sites, if the sites
are connected via a network such as the Internet. ``Anonymous ftp''
indicates a user may connect to a remote site as the user
``anonymous'' with a password consisting of their email address, and
thus be able to retrieve files from that site. Remember, anonymous
ftp is a privilege and the system administrators for these sites
have made these files available out of their own generosity. Therefore
please restrict your ftp'ing to non-prime hours at the various sites.
I would like to acknowledge Don Hosek, Ken Yap, Tomas Rokicki, Micah
Beck, David Carlisle, and Donald Arseneau who provided many of the
answers. Joe Weening, Hal Perkins, Walter Carlip, Max Hailpern, Tad
Guy, Raymond Chen, Henning Schulzrinne, Sebastian Rahtz, Mark James,
Peter Galko, Mike Ernst, Rainer Sch\"opf, Oren Patashnik, Philippe
Louarn, Rafal Zbikowski, Anita Marie Hoover, David Rhead, Darrell
McCauley, Cameron Smith, Emma Pease, Patrick McPhee, Karl Berry, Robin
Fairbairns, Joohee Jeong, Sam Steingold, J\"org Knappen, Barbara
Beeton, Norman Ramsay, Richard Mathar, and Juergen Schlegelmilch
provided additional material and criticisms. The format of this
document is based on the Frequently Asked Questions written by Steve
Hayman which formerly appeared in comp.unix.wizards. Any mistakes are
mine. Send corrections, suggestions, and additions to
bobby@hot.caltech.edu.
1) How can I get a copy of this article?
You're reading it aren't you? SAVE it :-). This article is posted
monthly to comp.text.tex and cross-posted to news.answers. It is
therefore archived at any site that archives news.answers.
News.answers is archived on rtfm.mit.edu, and this article is
available there via anonymous ftp in the directory
./pub/usenet/news.answers/tex-faq. If you do not have anonymous
ftp, send an e-mail message containing the lines ``SENDME FAQ.'' to
fileserv@shsu.edu (fileserv@shsu.bitnet). Another way to retrieve
it via email is through the mailserver at rtfm: send a message
containing the lines ``help'' and ``index'' to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu for information on how to obtain it.
Other news.answers/FAQ archives are: cnam.cnam.fr (163.173.128.6)
in the anonymous ftp directory /pub/FAQ; ftp.uu.net (192.48.96.2)
in the anonymous ftp directory /pub/usenet (also available via mail
server requests to netlib@uunet.uu.net, or via uunet's 1-900
anonymous UUCP phone number); and ftp.cs.ruu.nl (131.211.80.17) in
the anonymous ftp directory NEWS.ANSWERS (also accessible via mail
server requests to mail-server@cs.ruu.nl). Many of the archives
mentioned in question 22 also maintain current versions of this
document.
The UK TeX Users Group wrote an expanded version of this article
for their annals, Baskerville (vol. 4, no. 6, Dec. 1994). It is
available as a very nice Web page from the URL
http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?introduction=yes.
2) Where can I get a DVI to PostScript conversion program?
Two good DVI to PostScript conversion programs that run under
Unix are:
dvips - by Tomas Rokicki. This driver is very nice and has the
ability to deal with virtual fonts. Available via anonymous ftp
from labrea.stanford.edu (36.8.0.112) in ./pub. Dvips is
written in C and ports easily to other operating systems. It
is available for VMS via anonymous ftp from any CTAN site (see
question 22) and also through the DECUS library (see question
22). A precompiled version for MSDOS is available from
monu1.cc.monash.edu.au (130.194.1.101) in ./pub/dvips54.zip,
from shape.mps.ohio-state.edu (128.146.110.30) in
./pub/msdos/dvips/dvips54.zip, or from any CTAN site (see
question 22) in ./systems/msdos/drivers/dvips. If you wish to
use postscript fonts, get dvipslib.zip as well. Documentation
is available in dvips.ps.Z. Karl Berry has a version of dvips
called dvipsk which has a configure script and path searching
code similar to that in his other programs (e.g., web2c). It
is available via anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.umb.edu
(158.121.104.33) in ./pub/tex/.
dvitops - by James Clark. Available via anonymous ftp from any CTAN site
(see question 22, e.g., pip.shsu.edu (192.92.115.10)), in
./tex-archive/dviware/dvitops. Dvitops is written in C and will
compile under Unix, MSDOS, VMS, and Primos.
3) How can I include a PostScript figure in LaTeX?
LaTeX has a standard package providing graphics inclusion, scaling,
rotation, and color, the graphics package. Keith Reckdahl has
written a primer for using this package which describes the
inclusion of Encapsulate PostScript (EPS) files, and covers such
additional issues as converting PostScript to EPS, figures and
subfigures, using compressed or non-EPS files (TIFF, GIF, etc.),
and putting LaTeX text or equations into EPS graphics using
PSfrag. This document is available from any CTAN site (see question
22) in ./tex-archive/info/epslatex.ps.
Anil K. Goel has written a long document describing in detail how
to include figures, pictures, and images in LaTeX 2.09
documents. It is available via anonymous ftp from math.uwaterloo.ca
(129.97.140.144) in ./pub/figsInLatex.ps.Z. A dvi file with the
included PostScript files is also available.
Also, one can use the older the epsfig macros written by Sebastian
Rahtz based on the psfig macros of Trevor Darrell used in LaTeX
2.09. They are available via anonymous ftp from any CTAN site (see
question 22) in graphics/psfig. You will also need a dvi to
PostScript conversion program that supports \specials. The ones
mentioned in question 2 do, and come with a version of psfig ready
to use with them. The psfig macros work best with EPS Files. In
particular, psfig will need the file to have a BoundingBox (see
Appendix C of the _PostScript Language Reference Manual_). If you
don't have an EPS file, life can be difficult.
To allow resizing by dvips (see question 2) with PostScript files
that are not EPS files, add the one line
%%BoundingBox: llx lly urx ury
prior to any non-comment line in the PostScript
file. The four ``lower left'' and ``upper right'' arguments must be
numbers to indicate the lower left and upper right corner in units
of 1/72 of an inch. Otherwise, dvips assumes the PostScript file
fills a whole page.
One further note about including PostScript figures is that they
are not part of the dvi file, but are included when you use a dvi
to PostScript conversion program. As a result, most dvi previewers
will simply show the blank space TeX has reserved for your figure,
not the figure itself.
4) Where can I find a DVI previewer for machine Y running Q?
This briefly lists some previewers available via anonymous ftp. All
are available from any CTAN site (see question 22) in addition to the
sites listed below:
dvipage - For SunView. This was published in volume 15 of
comp.sources.unix and is available at sites that archive
this. One such source is archive.cis.ohio-state.edu
(128.146.8.52).
xtex - For the X Window System. Available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.cs.colorado.edu (128.138.243.151) in
./pub/cs/misc/SeeTeX/SeeTeX/SeeTeX-*.tar.Z.
dviapollo- for Apollo Domain. Available via anonymous ftp from
labrea.stanford.edu (36.8.0.112) in ./pub/dviapollo.tar.Z.
dvidis - For VAXstation VWS. Available via anonymous ftp from
src.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.2.1) in /packages/tex/dviware/dvidis.
xdvi - Also for the X Window System. Available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.x.org (192.112.44.100) in ./contrib/xdvi.tar.Z. Karl
Berry has a version of called xdvik with features analogous
to his dvipsk (see question 2) available via anonymous ftp from
ftp.cs.umb.edu (158.121.104.33) in ./pub/tex.
dvitovdu - for Tektronix 4010 and other terminals under Unix.
Available via anonymous ftp from any CTAN site (see question 22)
in the directory ./dviware/dvitovdu.
dvi2tty - A dvi to ASCII conversion program, for normal terminals.
Available from ftp.cs.ruu.nl (131.211.80.17) in
./pub/TEX/DVI/dvi2tty.shar. A VMS version is available from
fileserv@shsu.edu (see question 22).
texsgi - For SGI under Irix. Available via anonymous ftp from
ftp.brl.mil (128.63.16.158) in ./info-iris/tex. Both a binary
and source are available, but be sure to get the fonts as well.
5) Where can I get the manual for PiCTeX?
The PiCTeX manual is not free. It is available for $30 ($35 with the
disk) from the TeX Users Group:
TeX Users Group
P. O. Box 869
Santa Barbara, CA 93102-0869 (USA)
805-963-1338
FAX: 805-963-8358
tug@tug.org
The proceeds from this sale go to Michael Wichura, the author of PiCTeX,
and TUG.
6) In LaTeX, I put some definitions in my document, but I get the error
``Use of \@ doesn't match its definition'' or ``You can't use
\spacefactor in vertical (or math) mode.'' What's wrong?
Definitions should be be in a style file, and if you move them there,
you should have no problem.
If you don't want to do that, you need to include \makeatletter
before the definitions to allow the ``internal'' LaTeX commands to
be accessed. These commands are normally protected from change by
having @ in them. Since @ is not a letter, it is normally not
allowed as part of a multi-letter command name. To access internal
commands you need to tell LaTeX to pretend that @ is a letter.
This happens automatically when LaTeX reads a style file, but in
your main document you need to surround the offending commands with
\makeatletter ... \makeatother.
7) What is OzTeX and where can I get it (TeX for the Mac)?
OzTeX is a version of TeX for the Macintosh. An older version of
OzTeX (1.42) is public domain, but newer versions are shareware. A
DVI Previewer and PostScript driver are also included. It should
run on any Macintosh Plus, SE, II, or newer model, but will not
work on a 128K or 512K Mac. It was written by Andrew Trevorrow, and
is available via anonymous ftp from from midway.uchicago.edu
(128.135.12.73) in ./pub/OzTeX, which contains other public domain
TeX-related software for the Mac as well, or on a floppy disk from
TUG (see question 11). Questions about OzTeX may be directed to
oztex@midway.uchicago.edu.
8) What is Fig and where can I get it?
Fig is a menu driven tool similar to MacDraw that allows you to
draw objects on the screen of a Sun Workstation running SunView.
TransFig is a set of tools which translate the code fig produces to
other graphics languages including PostScript and the LaTeX picture
environment. Both are available via anonymous ftp from any CTAN
archive (see question 22) or from ftp.cs.cornell.edu
(128.84.218.75) in ./pub/fig. Fig is supported by Micah Beck
(beck@cs.cornell.edu) and Transfig is maintained by Brian Smith
(bvsmith@lbl.gov). Another tool for fig conversion is fig2MF which
generates METAFONT code from fig input, also available from CTAN
XFig is essentially the same program except it runs under the X
Window System. It is available via anonymous ftp from ftp.x.org
(192.112.44.100) in ./contrib/applications/drawing_tools/xfig. It
was written by Brian Smith.
9) How do I get WEB for C, FORTRAN, or some other language?
TeX is written in the programming language WEB; WEB is a tool to
implement the concept of ``literate programming.'' For more information
on literate programming, see the newsgroup comp.programming.literate.
There is a version of WEB for C called CWEB written by Silvio Levy. It
is available via anonymous ftp from princeton.edu (128.112.128.1) in
the directory ./pub/cweb.
There is a version of WEB called Spidery WEB which supports many
languages including ADA, awk, and C. It was written by Norman Ramsey
and, while not in the public domain, is usable free. It is available
via anonymous ftp from pip.shsu.edu (192.92.115.10) in
tex-archive/web/spiderweb.
FWEB is a version of WEB for Fortran, Ratfor, and C written by John
Krommes (krommes@lyman.pppl.gov). Version 1.13 is available via
anonymous ftp from ftp.pppl.gov (192.55.106.129) in ./pub/fweb.
SchemeWEB is a Unix filter that translates SchemeWEB into LaTeX source
or Scheme source. It was written by John Ramsdell and is available from
sun.soe.clarkson.edu (128.153.12.3) in ./pub/tex/tex-programs/schemeweb.
APLWEB is a version of WEB for APL and is available from
watserv1.waterloo.edu (129.97.129.140) in ./languages/apl.
There are three flavors of WEB that are language-independent and
have substantial user communities: funnelweb, noweb, and nuweb.
NoWeb and NuWeb both emphasize simplicity; NoWeb is a bit simpler
and more flexible, but NuWeb is more portable and easier to
install. FunnelWeb is more complex, but is routinely used on a
wide variety of machines. All three systems are available from any
CTAN site (see question 22) in directory
/tex-archive/web/{funnelweb,noweb,nuweb}. An introduction to NoWeb
appeared in the September 1994 IEEE Software, page 97. Funnelweb
also appeared in comp.sources.unix volume 26 issue 121, posted 11
April 1993.
Most of the above are also available from your nearest CTAN site
(see question 22).
10) How can I typeset music in TeX?
A package called MuTeX, written by Andrea Steinbach and Angelika
Schofer, aids in doing this. It is available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.cs.ruu.nl (131.211.80.17) in pub/TEX/MuTeX.tar.Z. This
package allows you to typeset single-staff music and lyrics.
A more powerful package which allows the typesetting of orchestral
and polyphonic music is MusicTeX, written by Daniel Taupin
(taupin@frups51.bitnet). It is available via anonymous ftp from
rsovax.ups.circe.fr (130.84.128.100) [.musictex]. It should also
be available from the archive sites detailed in question 22.
There is a mailing list for discussion of typesetting music in TeX.
To subscribe, send a request to mutex-request@stolaf.edu.
11) What is TUG and TUGboat?
TUG is the TeX Users Group. TUGboat is their newsletter, containing
useful articles about TeX and METAFONT. TUG also distributes
TeX-related microcomputer software on disks. Inquiries should be
directed to:
TeX Users Group
P. O. Box 869
Santa Barbara, CA 93102-0869 (USA)
805-963-1338
FAX: 805-963-8358
tug@tug.org
TUGboat is not archived electronically, although some authors choose
to make their articles available through CTAN (see question 22). The
TUG newsletter, TeX and TUG News, is archived electronically on CTAN
sites in ./tex-archive/digests/ttn. TUG does offer a duplication
service.
12) How do I convert Adobe's afm files to tfm format?
An afm2tfm program is distributed with dvips, available via
anonymous ftp from labrea.stanford.edu (36.8.0.112) in ./pub. Alan
Jeffrey's fontinst package is an afm2tfm converter written in TeX
and will be used to support the PostScript tfm files for LaTeX2e
(see question 41). It is available from any CTAN site (see question
22).
For the Macintosh, there is a program called EdMetrics which does
the job (and more). It is available free from:
Blue Sky Research
534 Southwest Third Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97204 (USA)
800-622-8398 or 503-222-9571
13) In LaTeX, how do I get a double-spaced document?
Are you producing a thesis, and trying to obey regulations that were
drafted in the typewriter era? LaTeX is a typesetting system, so the
appropriate design conventions are for ``real books''. Find whoever
is responsible for the regulations, and try to get the wording changed
to cater for typeset theses (e.g., to say ``if using a typesetting
system, aim to make your thesis look like a well-designed book'').
If you fail to convince your officials, or want some inter-line
space for copy-editing:
- In LaTeX2e, use \linespread. For double-spaced output, use
\linespread{1.6}.
- Try changing \baselinestretch: \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.2}
may be enough to give officials the impression you've kept
to their regulations. Don't try changing \baselineskip: its
value is reset at any size-changing command.
- Alternatively, get doublespace.sty from any CTAN site (see question 22,
e.g., pip.shsu.edu (192.92.115.10)) in
./tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc. There's also a setspace.sty
in the same directory which is more flexible, and consistent with the
latest release of LaTeX.
It's not worth going to a lot of trouble. (If officials won't allow
standard typographic conventions, you won't be able to produce an
aesthetically pleasing document anyway!)
14) In LaTeX, how do I include a file in the verbatim environment?
A good way to do this is to use Rainer Sch\"opf's verbatim.sty,
which provides the command \verbatiminput that takes a file
as an argument. This package is available from any CTAN site (see
question 22) in ./tex-archive/macros/latex/distribs. Several
files are needed.
Another way to do this is to use the alltt environment defined in
the style file alltt.sty available from the CTAN archives in
./tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/alltt.sty.
15) In LaTeX, how do I do Y?
If you can't figure out how to do something in LaTeX after you
have read the manual very carefully, asked your local LaTeX
guru, and thought about it, there is a LaTeX help service
available. Please note that the way to accomplish something
in LaTeX is often by using an appropriate style file, so please
check this also (see question 16). If none of this works, send mail
in English describing your problem to latex-help@cs.stanford.edu.
If you haven't gotten a reply to your problem within about a week,
send mail to latex-help-coordinator@cs.stanford.edu.
16) Where can I find a TeX macro or LaTeX style file for doing Y?
Before you ask for a TeX macro or LaTeX style file to do something,
please search the TeX macro index written by David M. Jones
(dmjones@theory.lcs.mit.edu) and available via anonymous ftp
from theory.lcs.mit.edu (18.52.0.92) in ./pub/tex/TeX-index. Those
without access to anonymous ftp can send a message containing the
line ``send tex TeX-index'' to archive-server@theory.lcs.mit.edu.
The index is an excellent reference document with plenty of
cross-references. Unfortunately, it is also very dated. For packages
listed in _The LaTeX Companion_, consult the file ./info/companion.ctan
on any CTAN site (see question 22).
Another possibility is to use the searching features of the CTAN
archives. Once you have an anonymous ftp connection established to
a CTAN site, you can type the command `quote site index '
and it will provide a list of files with the string in
their names.
17) How do I generate an index in TeX/LaTeX?
Making an index is not trivial. There are several indexing programs
which aid in doing this. The following are available from any CTAN
site (see question 22):
makeindex - for LaTeX under Unix (but runs under other OS's
without changes). A version for the Macintosh is available from
Johnny Tolliver at tolliver%atf.mfenet@nmfecc.llnl.gov. The
Makeindex documentation is a good source of information on how
to create your own index. Makeindex can be used with some TeX macro
packages other than LaTeX, such as Eplain.
idxtex - for LaTeX under VMS.
texix - for TeX on CMS and Macintosh machines.
texindex - for LaTeX under Unix. Available from
comp.sources.misc archives in Volume 23.
18) How do I get METAFONT to do what I want it to do?
METAFONT allows you to create your own fonts, and ordinary TeX users
will never need to use it. METAFONT, unlike TeX, requires some
customization. Each output device for which you will be generating
fonts needs a mode associated with it. Modes are defined using the
mode_def convention described on page 94 of _The METAFONTbook_. So
first create a file, which we will call local.mf, containing all the
mode_defs you will be using. The file modes.mf by Karl Berry,
available via anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.umb.edu (158.121.104.33) in
./pub/tex is a good starting point for this. Listings of settings for
various output devices are also published periodically in TUGboat
(see question 11). Now create a plain base file using inimf, plain.mf,
and local.mf:
% inimf
This is METAFONT....
**plain # you type plain
(output)
*input local # you type this
(output)
*dump # you type this
Beginning to dump on file plain....
(output)
%
This should create a base file named plain.base (or something close)
and should be moved to the directory containing the base files on
your system.
Now you need to make sure METAFONT loads this base when it starts
up. If METAFONT loads the plain base by default on your system, then
you're ready to go. Under Unix, we might, for instance define a
command mf which executes ``virmf &plain,'' loading the plain base
file.
The usual way to create a font with plain METAFONT is to then start
it with the line
\mode=; mag=; input
in response to the * prompt or on the METAFONT command line. If
is unknown or omitted, then the mode defaults to proof
mode. If this has happened METAFONT will produce an output file
called .2602gf. The is a floating
point number or magstep (magsteps are defined in _The METAFONTbook_
and _The TeXbook_). If mag= is omitted, then the
default is 1. For example, to generate cmr10 at 12pt for an epson
printer you would type
mf \mode=epson; mag=1.2; input cmr10
Note that under Unix the '\' and ';' characters must usually be
escaped, so this would typically look something like
mf \\mode=epson\; mag=1.2\; input cmr10
If you don't have inimf or need a special mode that isn't in the
base, you can put its commands in a file (e.g., ln03.mf) and invoke
it on the fly with the \smode command. For example, to create
ln03.300gf for an LN03 printer, using the file
% This is ln03.mf as of 2/27/90
% mode_def courtesy of John Sauter
proofing:=0;
fontmaking:=1;
tracingtitles:=0;
pixels_per_inch:=300;
blacker:=0.65;
fillin:=-0.1;
o_correction:=.5;
(note the absence of the mode_def and enddef commands), you would type
mf \smode="ln03"; input cmr10
19) Where do I get TeX/LaTeX for machine Y running Q?
Unix - The Unix TeX distribution is available via anonymous ftp from any
CTAN archive (see question 22). The Northwest Computing Support Center
was ordered closed by the University of Washington, thus Unix TeX
can no longer be ordered.
Instructions for retrieving TeX via anonymous ftp are available
in the document FTP.nwc, itself available via anonymous ftp from
ftp.cs.umb.edu (158.21.104.33) in ./pub/tex.
Note: The Unix version of TeX allows your ``macros'' or ``inputs''
and ``fonts'' directories to be hierarchically organized with
further subdirectories, rather than dumping everything into one
directory. This can cause TeX to start very slowly. The cure
for this problem is to insure each subdirectory contains either
only directories or only files.
AIX - TeX for the IBM RS6000 running AIX can be found on
ftp.dante.de (129.206.100.192) in ./tex-archive/systems/unix/aix3.2.
PC - A TeX package for the PC, including LaTeX, BibTeX, previewers,
and drivers is available via anonymous ftp from
vax.eedsp.gatech.edu (130.207.226.24) in ./pub/TeX. The variety here
is sbtex version 30 by Wayne Sullivan. EmTeX, another TeX package
for the PC by Eberhard Mattes, is available via anonymous ftp from
ftp.dante.de (129.206.100.192) in
./tex-archive/systems/msdos/emtex and also from niord.shsu.edu
(192.92.115.8) in [.emtex]. This package includes LaTeX, METAFONT,
BibTeX, etc., as well. Documentation is available in both German
and English. The EmTeX user's mailing list is
emtex-user@methan.chemie.fu-berlin.de.
Mac - see question 7 for a public domain version (OzTeX). Another version
is CMacTeX, which has TeX 3.14, METAFONT 2.7, a screen previewer,
dvips, a PostScript printing utility for the LaserWriter, and some font
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